Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure which involves the placement of a medical device called a neurostimulator, which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain (brain nuclei) for the treatment of movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. While its underlying principles and mechanisms are not fully understood, DBS directly changes brain activity in a controlled manner.

Deep brain stimulation is a circuit-oriented treatment for mental disorders. Unfortunately, even well-conducted psychiatric DBS clinical trials have yielded inconsistent symptom relief, in part because DBS’ mechanism of action is unclear. 

One clue to those mechanisms might lie the efficaciousness of ventral internal capsule/ventral basal ganglion (VCVS) DBS in each major depression (MDD) and neurotic disorder (OCD). MDD and OCD each involve deficits in psychological feature management. Cognitive management depends on anterior cortex (PFC) regions that project into the VCVS. Here, we show that VCVS DBS’ effect is explained in part by the enhancement of PFC-driven cognitive control. DBS improves human subjects’ performance on a psychological feature management task and will increase letter of the alphabet (5–8Hz) oscillations in each medial and lateral perfluorocarbon. The theta increase predicts subjects’ clinical outcomes. Our results counsel a potential mechanistic approach to DBS medical care, supported standardization stimulation to optimize these neurophysiologic phenomena.

Advances in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD)

Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) originally named as Landouzy-Dejerine is the third common form of muscular dystrophy, characterized by a wide variability of clinical phenotypes. 

The diagnosis of FSHD is challenging, especially in the early phase, and the natural course of the disease is largely variable also within the same family, where some members can be wheelchair bound children, while others stay asymptomatic until late adulthood. The disease is inherited as autosomal dominant and is associated with epigenetic depression of the polymorphic D4Z4 repeat on chromosome 4q. In the most common (95%) form of FSHD (type 1), the disease is associated with a reduction of D4Z4 repeat units to a size of 1–10 (normal range from 11-150). In almost 5% of cases, FSHD (type 2) presents with normal size of D4Z4 repeat units but defects in D4Z4 chromatin modifiers. In both FSHD 1 and 2 excessive expression of DUX4, a transcriptional regulator toxic for skeletal muscles. 

Recent studies clinical data with detailed genetic analysis, suggesting that FSHD 1 and 2 may represent opposite ends of a disease spectrum. Currently there are no curative treatment for FSHD but, based on recently increased understanding of disease’s pathophysiology, gene therapy has been successfully explored in vitro to reduce pathogenic DUX4 levels. Therapies with antisense oligonucleotides seem the be promising and new therapeutic agents for FSHD are expected in the next few years. However, the clinical and genetic variability can represent an obstacle for the interpretation of genotype-phenotype correlations and for stratification of patients eligible for therapeutic trials. With this purpose, international collaborative networks are currently working on reliable outcome measures for FSHD.

Latest updates related to Stroke and pulmonary embolism

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Medical complications after ischemic stroke contribute substantially to poor stroke outcomes. 

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious medical condition whose annual incidence rate of 0.50 to 0.69 per 1000 persons in the general population. The high mortality rate of PE with case fatality at 3 months ranging between 8.6% and 17%.

Longer‐term mortality rate can be as high as 24%. The risk of pulmonary embolism, including fatal cases, in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is well known.

Studies have suggested that an increased risk of stroke among patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) which is thought to be due to paradoxical embolism via a patent foramen ovale (PFO). In a recent prospective study of patients with acute PE, stroke was diagnosed in 8 percent (8%), with a higher rate (21 percent) among those with a PFO. However, the exclusion of some patients from the analysis and a lower-than-expected rate of PFO than in the general population suggest that these results may be flawed. There are some limitations in available data, routinely contrast echocardiography not performing (transthoracic or transesophageal) or brain imaging in patients with acute PE, but rather adopt a symptom-directed approach to imaging. 

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Premature mortality due to traumatic brain injury in England and wales over a 10 year period

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is increasingly being appreciated as a global public health and socio-economic concern. In the United Kingdom the economic burden of TBI has been estimated to be >£15 billion per year from premature death and impact on survivors. Premature mortality can be quantified as the potential years of life lost (PYLL) and – when compared across diseases - can inform decisions on resource allocation for prevention, clinical care and research.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also described as head injury is any injury to the brain caused by impact, for example, a direct blow to the head or a force that causes the brain to move around inside the skull. Common causes are falls, road accidents, collisions and violence. Head injuries vary greatly in severity, depending on whether and for how long they result in a loss of consciousness or post-traumatic amnesia. About 10-15% of all TBIs are classified as moderate or severe and the remaining 85- 90% as mild.

TBI was implicated in 33,006 deaths over this period, accounting for 561,000 PYLL before the age of 65. The cerebrovascular disease had a lower PYLL before the age of 65 (318,000), despite having a significantly higher total number of deaths (404,017) over the same period.
Over the 10 year period, we estimate the ‘lost productivity’ due to fatal TBIs alone to be £5.3 billion.  

Traumatic Brain Injury by age group

Latest Global Neurology EMR Software Market Research Report 2019-2025

The latest study of Global Neurology EMR Software Market Report provides context, prophecy and detailed information on the neurology EMR software industry with definitions, classification, applications, industry chain structure, industry overview; Analysis of the international market.

The Neurology EMR Software Market Report explores the market sales of the EMR neurological software market and focuses on the main suppliers by identifying the volume, price, revenue and market share of each region in terms of volume and price.

This research report from Neurology EMR Software includes development trends, competitive landscape analysis, key regions development status and summary of trends that can help companies operating in the industry understand the market and develop strategies for their business expansion accordingly. The research report analyzes the size of the market, participation in the industry, growth, key segments, CAGR and key drivers.

Neurologists 2019 Highlights

• Neurons and Neurology
• Neurosurgery and spine surgery
• Neuroscience
• Neurologists
• Mental Health: Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia
• Parkinson’s Disease
• Huntington’s Disease
• Stroke and Neurological Disorders
• Neuropsychology, Neuropharmacology and Neurochemistry
• Central Nervous System
• Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurology
• Neuroimmunology and Neurotransmitters
• Epilepsy and its Treatment
• Brain Tumours & Neuro Oncology
• Neuromuscular and cognitive Disorders
• Anxiety and Depression
• Neuro-Ophthalmology and sleep disorders
• Neuroimaging and Radiology techniques
• Novel Neurotherapeutics and Diagnostics
• Neuropediatrics and Neurorehabilitation
• Case Reports on Neurology & Neurosurgery

About the Neurologists 2019

Conference Series llc ltd scientific events are the specially designed cluster of a program that provides a common platform where industry meets academia to discuss the recent issues and happening. It serves as a bridge between researchers from academia and industry enhanced by its well organized scientific sessions, plenary lectures, poster presentations, world-class exhibitions, diverse symposiums, highly enriched workshops and B2B meetings. These events emphasize the knowledge of all participants in different sectors and fields.

Neurologists 2019 aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers, and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of Neurology Treatment and Neurosurgery. It also provides the premier interdisciplinary forum for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns, practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted in the field of Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Neurology is the study of injuries, disorders, diagnosis and treatment of the brain, spine and nervous system including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissues. There are more than 600 known Neurological Disorder which affects our nervous system severely but still for most of the diseases treatment options are very limited and research is going on. According to a global study conducted by WHO 8 out of 10 disorders are neurological problems in which 3 are the highest disability classes. Every year 6.8 million people are dying all over the world due to neurological disorders or injury. In Europe, nearly 38% of the total population is suffering from a brain disorder and in United States  Stroke is the third leading cause of death.